A trailer emergency brake system, often referred to as a “breakaway system” or “breakaway kit,” is a safety mechanism designed to automatically apply the brakes on a trailer if it becomes detached or “breaks away” from the towing vehicle while in motion. There are several types of emergency brake systems, each with their own unique method of activation. Here at Equal-i-zer Hitch Products, we’re prepared to give you everything you need to know about trailer brake systems and which is best for you.

The Five Most Common Emergency Brake Systems for Towing

1. Electric Brake System:

The electric brake system is one of the most commonly used emergency brake systems, especially for larger trailers. It combines the brake system of the tow vehicle with a battery-powered brake system in the trailer. When the brakes of the tow vehicle are applied, the electric brake system is triggered, and it applies the brakes of the trailer. Electric brakes are controlled by a brake controller installed in the tow vehicle. When the driver steps on the brake pedal, the pressure is transferred to the electric brake on the trailer, and the brakes will be applied. This system is easy to install and provides reliable braking performance. Its also one of the most common emergency brake systems used for trailer and towing enthusiasts.

2. Surge Brake System:

This type of brake system is mostly used in boat trailers and utility trailers that are under 3,000 lbs. When the driver steps on the brake pedal, the trailer will push against the hitch, compressing the fluid in the master cylinder, and activating the brakes. Unlike electric brakes, surge brakes don’t require a brake controller, which makes them easier to install and maintain. However, surge brakes are less effective than electric brakes, and they only engage when the trailer is in motion.

Another important difference is that surge brakes operate independently from the main vehicle’s braking system. Because surge brakes rely on the compression of hydraulic brake fluid, they are focused on stopping the trailer when the towing vehicle slows down.

3. Hydraulic Disc Brake System:

This type of brake system is commonly used in heavy-duty trailers that carry 10,000 lbs. or more. Hydraulic brakes use brake fluid to transmit the power from the brake pedal to the trailer’s brakes. Unlike electric brakes, hydraulic brakes are not manually adjustable and don’t require a brake controller. However, they require more maintenance than electric brakes, and the brake fluid needs to be replaced periodically.

The hydraulic disc brake system is a combination of surge and electric brake systems and is an excellent option for larger trailers that carry heavy cargo. This system utilizes hydraulic brake fluid to actuate a disc brake system, providing reliable braking power. Hydraulic disc brake systems can be more expensive to install, but are very reliable for heavy cargo.

4. Electric-Over-Hydraulic Brake System:

This type of brake system combines the advantages of electric and hydraulic brake systems. It uses an electric brake controller to activate a hydraulic piston that applies pressure on the trailer’s brakes. Electric over hydraulic brake systems are more powerful than electric brakes and don’t require a brake fluid reservoir or manual adjustments. However, they’re more expensive than electric brakes and require a professional installation. In other words, you’ll get better performance than standard electric brakes, but at a higher cost.

5. Mechanical Brake Lock System:

The mechanical brake lock system is an affordable and efficient emergency brake system that utilizes a locking mechanism to prevent the trailer from rolling away. It is an excellent option for small trailers and does not require any electrical or hydraulic connections. However, this system does not provide actual braking power and should not be relied on as the sole braking system.

In simple terms, it mechanically locks the brakes of the vehicle. In other words, its a parking brake. Older trailers rely on this system to keep them parked in a single place, especially on inclines. The mechanical brake lock system also helps prevent theft by making it difficult to move your vehicle when the brakes are locked. However, these are not the type of brakes that allow you to slow down in motion. Mechanical brake lock systems should be paired with some other brake system for the best towing experience.

Which Best Emergency Brake System is best for my Trailer?

The brake system best suited for your trailer depends on your specific towing needs. For the standard hobbyist, electric brakes are the best option since they are effectively simply brakes applied to your trailer. But if you’re towing heavy duty cargo of 10,000lbs or more, a hydraulic brake system of some kind is the much safer option. If you’re unsure about your setup or your specific towing needs, we have a number of dealerships you can reach out to, to learn more about towing and trailer safety.